A urine color chart ranks shades from pale yellow (hydrated) to brown/red (possible pathology). Research confirms that 1–2 shade change reflects about 1 L fluid variation per day. Persistent amber or brown suggests bilirubin or blood. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7649145/ | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1043028/full











